🚀Upper Intermediate(중상급)(1)

-는다면서

Definition: Quoting while confirming information.

Examples (KR): 내일 간다면서요? / 친구가 결혼한다면서요?

Examples (EN): You said you’re going tomorrow, right? / I heard your friend is getting married?

-치고

Definition: Used to indicate exception or consideration.

Examples (KR): 학생치고 공부 안 하는 사람이 없다.

Examples (EN): There’s no student who doesn’t study.

-는지

Definition: Expresses indirect question or wondering.

Examples (KR): 어디에 가는지 몰라요.

Examples (EN): I don’t know where he is going.

-는대

Definition: Informal reported speech.

Examples (KR): 내일 온대.

Examples (EN): They say he’s coming tomorrow.

-에 비하여

Definition: Used for comparison.

Examples (KR): 작년에 비하여 성적이 올랐다.

Examples (EN): Compared to last year, the grades improved.

-듯이

Definition: Means “as if” or “like.”

Examples (KR): 꿈꾸듯이 행복했다.

Examples (EN): I was happy as if dreaming.

-고 해서

Definition: Gives one reason among several.

Examples (KR): 피곤하고 해서 집에 일찍 갔다.

Examples (EN): I went home early because I was tired (among other reasons).

-는 김에

Definition: While doing something, take the opportunity.

Examples (KR): 시장에 가는 김에 과일을 샀다.

Examples (EN): While going to the market, I bought fruit.

-더니

Definition: Contrast or result observed.

Examples (KR): 비가 오더니 그쳤다.

Examples (EN): It rained, then stopped.

-었더니

Definition: After doing something, a result occurred.

Examples (KR): 공부했더니 합격했다.

Examples (EN): I studied and then passed.

-어서인지

Definition: Indicates uncertain cause (“maybe because”).

Examples (KR): 피곤해서인지 졸리다.

Examples (EN): Maybe because I’m tired, I feel sleepy.

-으며

Definition: Means “and” or “while.”

Examples (KR): 책을 읽으며 음악을 듣는다.

Examples (EN): I read a book while listening to music.

-더라도

Definition: Concessive, “even if.”

Examples (KR): 힘들더라도 포기하지 마라.

Examples (EN): Even if it’s hard, don’t give up.