Definition: “-는데” can indicate continuation, “마다” means “every time/each.”
Examples (KR): 갈 때마다 사진을 찍는다. / 공부하는데 시간이 걸린다.
Examples (EN): I take a photo every time I go. / It takes time to study.
Definition: “-을 것” expresses prediction, “-을 수밖에 없다” means inevitability.
Examples (KR): 내일 비가 올 것 같다. / 기다릴 수밖에 없다.
Examples (EN): It seems it will rain tomorrow. / I have no choice but to wait.
Definition: “-다가” indicates interruption, “에서부터” marks starting point.
Examples (KR): 공부하다가 잠들었다. / 어제부터 아프다.
Examples (EN): I fell asleep while studying. / I’ve been sick since yesterday.
Definition: “-은” is descriptive ending, “-어 주다” means giving help.
Examples (KR): 예쁜 꽃은 좋다. / 친구를 도와주다.
Examples (EN): Pretty flowers are nice. / Help a friend.
Definition: “-는 동안에” means “while,” “-으면서” indicates simultaneous action.
Examples (KR): 공부하는 동안 음악을 들었다. / 밥을 먹으면서 TV를 본다.
Examples (EN): I listened to music while studying. / I watch TV while eating.
Definition: “-지” is ending particle, “-기 때문에” expresses reason, “-음” nominalizes verbs.
Examples (KR): 가지 않는다. / 늦었기 때문에 못 갔다. / 읽음.
Examples (EN): I don’t go. / I couldn’t go because I was late. / Reading.
Definition: “-에다가” adds something, “-으면” expresses condition.
Examples (KR): 책상에다가 꽃을 놓았다. / 비가 오면 집에 있다.
Examples (EN): I put flowers on the desk. / If it rains, I stay home.
Definition: “처럼” means “like/as,” “-어도 되다” gives permission.
Examples (KR): 너처럼 하고 싶다. / 여기 앉아도 된다.
Examples (EN): I want to do it like you. / You may sit here.
Definition: “-을 때” indicates time, “-게 되다” shows change, “-에게로” indicates direction.
Examples (KR): 집에 갈 때 전화해. / 한국어를 배우게 되었다. / 친구에게로 달려갔다.
Examples (EN): Call me when you go home. / I came to learn Korean. / I ran to my friend.
Definition: “-은 지” means “since,” “-어 있다” indicates state, “-는군” expresses exclamation.
Examples (KR):
Definition: “-거나” expresses choice/alternative, “-이나” means “or/around,” “-을까 보다” conveys worry or possibility.
Examples (KR): 영화를 보거나 책을 읽는다. / 사과나 배를 먹자. / 늦을까 봐 걱정했다.
Examples (EN): I watch a movie or read a book. / Let’s eat apples or pears. / I worried I might be late.
Definition: “-을” is a modifier for future/intent, “-을 것 같다” expresses assumption or guess.
Examples (KR): 내일 할 일을 준비했다. / 비가 올 것 같다.
Examples (EN): I prepared the work I will do tomorrow. / It seems it will rain.