🧩Intermediate(중급)(1)

Definition: “-는데” can indicate continuation, “마다” means “every time/each.”

Examples (KR): 갈 때마다 사진을 찍는다. / 공부하는데 시간이 걸린다.

Examples (EN): I take a photo every time I go. / It takes time to study.

Definition: Used to express condition when intending to do something (“if one intends to…”).

Examples (KR): 한국에 가려면 비자가 필요하다.

Examples (EN): If you intend to go to Korea, you need a visa.

Definition: Expresses permission (“it’s okay if…”) or prohibition (“must not…”).

Examples (KR): 여기 앉으면 됩니다. / 거짓말하면 안 됩니다.

Examples (EN): You may sit here. / You must not lie.

Definition: “-어도” means “even if,” “-잖아(요)” emphasizes something obvious (“you know”).

Examples (KR): 비가 와도 갈 거예요. / 늦었잖아요!

Examples (EN): Even if it rains, I will go. / You’re late, you know!

Definition: Expresses desire/want for a third person.

Examples (KR): 그는 한국어를 배우고 싶어 한다.

Examples (EN): He wants to learn Korean.

Definition: “-으나” expresses contrast (“but”), “-어야” expresses necessity (“must”).

Examples (KR): 노력하나 실패했다. / 열심히 공부해야 합격한다.

Examples (EN): He tried but failed. / You must study hard to pass.

Definition: “-는다” plain present tense, “-어지다” passive form (“become, be done”).

Examples (KR): 그는 책을 읽는다. / 문이 열어졌다.

Examples (EN): He reads a book. / The door was opened.

Definition: “-니?” question, “-어라” command, “-자” suggestion, “-는구나” exclamation.

Examples (KR): 어디 가니? / 책을 읽어라. / 같이 가자. / 참 예쁘구나!

Examples (EN): Where are you going? / Read the book. / Let’s go together. / How pretty!

Definition: Used to recall or realize something from experience.

Examples (KR): 그 영화가 재미있더라. / 음식이 맛있더군요.

Examples (EN): That movie was fun. / The food was delicious.

Definition: “-나 보다/-는가 보다” express assumption, “-으니” gives reason.

Examples (KR): 비가 오나 보다. / 학생인가 보다. / 늦었으니 빨리 가자.

Examples (EN): It seems to be raining. / He must be a student. / Since you’re late, let’s hurry.