Definition: Tends to / has a tendency.
Examples (KR): 학생들은 늦게 자는 경향이 있다.
Examples (EN): Students tend to sleep late.
Definition: Can be divided into categories.
Examples (KR): 언어는 구어와 문어로 나뉠 수 있다.
Examples (EN): Language can be divided into spoken and written.
Definition: Depends on whether.
Examples (KR): 성공은 노력하느냐에 달려 있다.
Examples (EN): Success depends on whether you try.
Definition: As much as / to the extent.
Examples (KR): 노력한 만큼 결과가 나온다.
Examples (EN): You get results as much as you try.
Definition: In terms of / considering.
Examples (KR): 이 책은 내용이 충실하다는 점에서 좋다.
Examples (EN): This book is good in terms of its rich content.
Definition: Has the purpose of.
Examples (KR): 이 연구는 문제 해결에 목적이 있다.
Examples (EN): This research has the purpose of solving problems.
Definition: Means / refers to.
Examples (KR): 행복이란 마음의 평화를 말한다.
Examples (EN): Happiness means peace of mind.
Definition: Due to a certain occasion/opportunity, something came to happen.
Examples (KR): 해외봉사를 계기로 진로를 바꾸게 되었다.
Examples (EN): I changed my career path thanks to (on the occasion of) overseas volunteering.
Definition: Formal reported speech ending conveying information or assertion.
Examples (KR): 내일 비가 온답니다.
Examples (EN): They say it will rain tomorrow.
Definition: Concessive: even if one thing happens, another (often contrasting) stance remains.
Examples (KR): 늦을지언정 포기하지는 않겠다.
Examples (EN): Even if I’m late, I won’t give up.